Choosing the right heat pump for your home can feel like an overwhelming task with so many options available. Below, we explore the various types of air-source heat pumps to help you determine which one may be the best fit for your home.

Cold Climate Central Ducted Heat Pumps

What Are They?

These advanced systems are designed for extreme temperatures, performing efficiently even at -15°F or below. Unlike standard heat pumps, cold-climate models provide dependable comfort throughout the year, handling both severe winters and hot summers. These can be all electric or dual fuel. 

All Electric Heat Pump

What Are They?

All-electric heat pumps offer whole-home heating and cooling without relying on fossil fuels. They are particularly effective in colder climates, making them a strong option for northern regions.

Advantages

• Distribute air through existing ductwork, making them ideal for homes with ducts already in place.
• Maintain consistent indoor temperatures year-round.
• Require less maintenance due to fewer mechanical components and no reliance on multiple fuel sources.

Cost Considerations

All-electric heat pumps are typically more affordable to install in homes with existing ductwork and tend to have lower maintenance costs compared to dual-fuel systems.

Dual Fuel Heat Pumps

What Are They?

These systems combine a heat pump with a gas furnace. The heat pump handles mild-weather heating and cooling, while the furnace activates during colder conditions. They're ideal for homeowners who want to retain their existing gas system while improving efficiency.

Advantages

• Offer the energy savings of a heat pump with the reliability of a backup furnace.
• Enable homeowners to gradually transition to renewable energy without removing existing infrastructure.
  

Cost Considerations

• Higher installation and maintenance costs due to servicing both systems.
• May not be compatible with older homes or outdated ductwork.

Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps 

What Are They?

Mini-splits consist of one outdoor unit connected to one or more indoor units, providing targeted heating and cooling without ductwork. Systems can be single-zone or multi-zone.

Advantages 

• High Efficiency in All Seasons: Operate effectively even in subzero temperatures and provide reliable cooling in summer.
• Zoned Comfort: Allow independent temperature control in individual rooms for increased comfort and energy savings.
• Perfect for Older Homes: Offer a non-invasive solution for homes without existing ductwork.

Cost Considerations 

Installation costs can vary significantly based on the number of indoor units, home layout and system size.

Final Thoughts on Cold Climate Heat Pumps

Cold climate heat pumps—especially all-electric and ductless options—are gaining momentum as more homeowners seek efficient, sustainable alternatives to traditional HVAC systems. Government programs, including the U.S. Department of Energy’s Cold Climate Heat Pump Technology Challenge, are accelerating innovation and adoption by supporting manufacturers in improving performance and affordability.

Heat Pump Water Heaters 

What are they?

Heat pump water heaters (HPWHs), also commonly referred to as hybrid electric water heaters,. are energy star certified heat pumps that can help homeowners save on energy bills related to their hot water usage. 

Advantages 

Heat pump water heaters are much more energy efficient than standard electric models—often using three times less energy. According to ENERGY STAR, a certified unit can save a family of four around $550 a year on electricity, adding up to over $5,600 in savings over the heater’s lifetime. 

Cost Considerations 

According to Rewiring America, the upfront cost before any incentives (not including installation) is $3,600-$4,800. 

Making the Right Choice

There are several types of heat pumps, each offering unique benefits depending on your home’s layout, existing systems, and regional climate. Cold climate heat pumps are particularly well-suited for homes in areas with harsh winters and hot summers, offering reliable, year-round comfort. Dual fuel heat pumps provide a flexible, hybrid solution that combines the energy efficiency of electric systems with the dependable backup of a gas furnace. For hot water needs, heat pump water heaters offer an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional electric models.

When selecting a heat pump system, it’s important to weigh factors like upfront cost, long-term savings, installation requirements, and compatibility with your current setup. Fortunately, many systems are eligible for federal tax credits and local rebates, helping reduce the cost of upgrading to high-efficiency technology.